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The thistle is the national flower of Scotland, much like the rose is the national flower of England and the United States. Today we’re going to look at two interesting things about this flower, the tale as to why it became the national flower and also the unofficial national anthem it inspired.

There are several different legends that tell how the thistle became Scotland’s symbol, but most date from the reign of Alexander III and in particular the events surrounding the Battle of Largs in 1263.

It is often forgotten, that for hundreds of years much of Scotland was part of the Kingdom of Norway. By 1263 however, Norway seems to have had little interest in their former territory.  That was until King Alexander III proposed to buy back the Western Isles and Kintyre from the Norse King Haakon IV. The thought of relieving King Alexander of some of his riches and territories appears to have re-kindled Norse interest in Scotland.

Late in the summer of 1263 King Haakon of Norway, now intent on conquering the Scots, set off with a sizeable fleet of longships for the Scottish coast. Gales and fierce storms forced some of the ships onto the beach at Largs in Ayrshire, and a Norwegian force was landed.

Legend has it that at some point during the invasion the Norsemen tried to surprise the sleeping Scottish Clansmen. In order to move more stealthily under the cover of darkness the Norsemen removed their footwear. But as they crept barefoot they came across an area of ground covered in thistles and one of Haakon’s men unfortunately stood on one and shrieked out in pain, thus alerting the Clansmen to the advancing Norsemen.

His shout warned the Scots who defeated the Norsemen at the Battle of Largs, thus saving Scotland from invasion. The important role that the thistle had played was recognised and so was chosen as Scotland’s national emblem.

‘Flower of Scotland’ is considered the unofficial national anthem of Scotland.

There are several other songs that have been considered to be the unofficial national anthem of Scotland including; Scots Wha Hae, Scotland the Brave and the more recent Highland Cathedral. Although in July 2006, the Royal Scottish National Orchestra conducted an online poll in which voters could choose a national anthem from one of five candidates.10,000 people took part in the poll in which Flower of Scotland came out the winner.

The lyrics were written by Roy Williamson (1936-90) and the song was performed initially by The Corries, a Scottish folk band, and refers to the victory of the Scots, led by Robert the Bruce, over England’s Edward II at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. The music is actually somewhat older, and was composed by Peter Dodds McCormick (c1834-1916) who emigrated to Australia as a young man, and also composed the National Anthem of Australia, “Advance Australia Fair”.

The song is also known as Flùr Na H-Alba” in Scottish Gaelic, and “Flouer O Scotland” in Scots.

The title has also been used for a history book: The Flower Of Scotland: A History Of Scottish Monarchy by James J. Sharp, and for the biography of Roy Williamson, which was published by his daughter Karen in 1993.

There also exists a Flower of Scotland tartan which was created in the early 90′s to honour the late Roy Williamson. The design is based on the setting and thread count of the Gunn tartan, as worn by Roy Williamson, using the traditional 18th-century colours of Lichen Green and Lochan Blue although it has no Clan or family affiliation and therefore is available for all to wear.

Thistle Products from ScotClans…

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Like many ‘ancient’ Scottish traditions, the origins of the order are actually relatively new; albeit not modern. It is a function of monarchy to be seen to be regal and full of pomp and circumstance – part of the pageantry that makes the institution so appealing. This was not lost on kings going back into the mists of time, but many of the outfits, ceremony, customs and ritual surrounding the British Crown can be traced back only a couple of hundred years in many instances; and some are 20^th century in their design – but, meant to hearken back to an age when kings ruled as well as reigned.

HM The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh in Thistle Robes

The Order of the Thistle in it current guise (which may be its only ever incarnation) was established by King James VII (James II of England) on the 29^th of May 1687. As an absentee monarch who actually enjoyed a fair amount of support in Scotland he, like now, was keen to foster a close relationship with his northern subjects; and he turned to two of the most important ministers of state to come up with a innovative idea that combined regal authority, ceremony, exclusivity and importance. Two brothers, John Drummond, Earl of Melfort and Secretary of State for Scotland and James Drummond, Earl of Perth and Lord Chancellor then went about ‘resurrecting’ the Order. In truth they essentially invented it.

Legend has it that a Scottish/Pictish king granted the order to the great emperor Charlemagne in 809; which may have some plausibility to it as he was known to have used Scottish mercenaries in his bodyguard and in the van of his armies. But, if it ever happened it was probably some token or gift exchanged between two rulers. Historians also point to James III (1451 – 1488), who is said to have made a presentation to King Francis I of France of an “Order of the Burr or Thissil’. Again, probably a personal inter-sovereign gift; but there may have been such an order. If late medieval and renaissance knightly orders did exist in Scotland, they may have sprung up sporadically, lasted for a few years and then disappeared again. Certainly nothing substantial or lasting; and certainly nothing akin to the modern order developed.

The Drummond’s order looked also to be short-lived as James VII was deposed from the throne of England in 1688 and then Scotland in 1689 and his successors William and Mary did not maintain it. However, in 1703 Queen Anne, the last Stewart monarch resurrected it and it remains pretty much in the same format and ceremonial as it was then. However, in 1987 the present Queen allowed for the membership of women as Ladies of the Thistle. As our parliamentary customs and practices developed to be more constitutional throughout the 18^th and 19^th centuries with real power shifting from the monarch to Prime Minister, virtually all honours gifted by the sovereign are done so on the advice of the Government. George VI (the queen’s father), felt that the Orders of the Garter and Thistle were being overused as devices for patronage, and in agreement with his Prime Minister, knighthood in both these orders became the personal gift of the monarch with no government interference – it is this which makes being a Knight of the Thistle so unique.

Equally unique are the small number that can be knights at any given time: There are only ever sixteen ordinary knights, a handful of officials and a few ‘extra’ knights, who are mainly members of the Royal Family. Members of the Order are addressed as Sir (or Lady) and can use the letters KT (or LT) after their names. It outranks all other orders with the exception of the Garter.

The Chapel of the Knights is in St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh and the order meet on an annual basis and to confirm new members (such as Prince William). Whenever they so meet they are fully kitted out in their ceremonial robes, which are a beautiful deep green, with white trim; they wear the star and other emblematic accessories and a feathered cap. It can look somewhat anachronistic, but it serves to bind the functions of the state at a deeply symbolic level; and the ordinary members are chosen for their lifetime commitment to serving their country and for working toward the welfare of the people of Scotland.

Star of the Order of the Thistle

The motto of the order is: Nemo me Impune Lacessit, which means ‘no-one provokes me with impunity’ or who dares meddle with me. It is considerd the motto of Scotland and of the Royal Regiment of Scotland.

Chivalry is an unpopular word in a world that is too reliant on popularism; ceremony and duty underrated in an age of consumer commercialism and sycophantic celebrity. But, our institutions and such quirky roles are the glue that binds the fabric of our multi-patched nation; and it is a good thing to see the Earl of Strathearn maintaining that link and function.

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