Ouch!

A few years ago my sister contacted a genealogist to research my Mother’s family tree. After months of painstaking research she got back a large scroll with generations of our Robertson heritage. This scroll sat in its tube for some time until one day I got hold of it and decided it would be a good idea to incorporate this into some research I had been doing on our father’s side. This involved setting up an account with ancestry.com and starting to build my tree.

Talk about a can of worms!

First of all let me say I think ancestry is a great website. I have two issues with it though; first of all since they are not on great speaking terms with the records office in Scotland. Mainly down to the fact that the records office have their own ancestral research facility called ‘Scotland’s People‘ and it’s a paid for service so they are not hugely keen on handing over all their data to Ancestry for free so they can then charge for its use (you can sort of see their point). The second issue is that Ancestry builds some of its data from user’s trees. This means that it’s easy to let mistakes creep in. Of course if you are meticulous in your research and only allow ancestors onto your tree after they have been cross-referenced and quadruple checked then it’s not a problem.

If you are a bit lazy like me then you might get some surprises!

My attempts to go back on my father’s line (Moffet) did not take me very far, only a few generations. Part of the problem came down to spelling. Being descended from simple folk on that side (miners and farmers mostly) they were not terribly literate and so the spelling of our surname tended to vary from one generation to another and even in the one family birth certificate surname spelling among siblings was all over the place! Eventually I hit a total brick wall, my best guess is that I came across an illegitimate birth and the whole thing fell apart but who knows.

Now I had this Ancestry account for another 10 months and a bit of confusion what to do now. What’s that they say about idle hands?

Presented with a dead end on one line I started taking a few zig zags to see where they took me. Still following what they call the ‘pedigree’ line; parents, grandparent, great grandparents and so on. Now this is where the lazy bit comes in. looking for quick results I decided to use Ancestry’s ‘tree hints’. The website looks at the people you have added and searches other member trees, if it finds a match then it lets you know. You can then use their data to add members to your tree. Using this method you can build up a lot of relatives in a short time.

At first the results were interesting but each one would take me back a few generations and then run out. Nothing to see here, move along…. Census records only go back so far and before that you have parish records, which are pretty hard to read unless you are an expert so anyone doing amateur research tends to find it hard going after that.

Unless you hit a wee bit of blue blood that is.

The great thing about the upper classes, the landed elite is that with so much property they had to be sure of who they were handing the family jewels down to. Not so much of an issue of your inheritance was a wonky kitchen table and few bits of ‘manky’ crockery but if it’s a few hundred acres and a big ‘hoor’ of a castle that’s another matter! For this reason family records were kept meticulously. Also ancestors would turn up in charters and other documents so they are a lot easier to trace.

My bit of luck came while following a line back on my grannies side of the family, Granny always tended to think she was a bit above the rest of us (well she has been for a while now) Always centre stage in her fur coat! Well it turned out she had a point after all!

Her great Granny was called Margaret Eaton, going back another few generations the name changes to Aiton, go back another few generations and William Aiton strikes it lucky and marries Mary Campbell who it turns out is descended from the chiefs of Clan Campbell of Loudon

Bingo!

Now that I’ve tapped into a line of nobility there is frankly no turning back. My first impulse was to head off to Loudon Castle and set up the siege towers and claim my birth right, couple of problems with that; first of all we are talking 12 generations. Imagine each descendant had 5 children and each of them had 5 children (big families were more common then than now). Turns out there are a LOT of us! I guess maybe I could claim one brick of the ancestral home. Oops another problem, Loudon castle is the site of an abandoned theme park. Looks like I’m descended from a character in a Scooby Doo mystery (peels of mask to reveal the old caretaker)!

Black Agnes: ‘I fart in your general direction’

So off I went on my travel back trough time adding ancestor after ancestor, after ancestor, after…hang on! Just how many could I add? Turns out the answer was A LOT! Again the maths kicks in; 2 parents = 4 grandparents = 8 Great Grandparents = 16 Great Grandparents. After 10 generations you have over a thousand! Blimey. What became fascinating was that as I delved back further I began to uncover some gems from the past. People who I read about in the history books but people it now appeared I was descended from. For instance Black Agnes Dunbar:

 Agnes was one hell of a woman! Living in the 14th century she was the daughter of the Earl of Moray, a friend of Robert the Bruce. She held Dunbar castle while under siege by the English. According to legend, as the English fired volleys at the castle ramparts she would walk along with her handkerchief and flip the dust from them with nonchalance! She would stand and berate her English attackers without getting as much as a scratch! I’ve always thought Agnes was the inspiration behind the cheeky French knights in Monty Python and the Holy Grail.

Speaking of famous women another important one to turn up on the tree was Annabella Drummond. Annabella was consort to king Robert III and mother of King James I of Scotland. And of course if you have tapped into the Royal Stuart line then that line will of course take you back to Robert the Bruce or as we like to call him great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, Grandad!

Now it’s a funny thing that! For years I’ve had emails at ScotClans from people saying ‘oh yes of course I’m descended from Robert the Bruce’, well by the looks of it most of us are! I remember hearing a few years ago about the descendents of Charlamagne. Emperor Charlamagne who was doing his ‘emperor thing’ around 700AD had an unbroken line of descent, every European royal family is descended from him and at least 14 US presidents have traced their line back there too. In fact research suggests that if you have white European ancestors then he’s your daddy, or rather your great, great, great, oh you get the idea!

So it was one evening while fooling around on the Ancestry site, adding relatives that I came up with the game called ‘Hit the Norman’ (remember the title of this blog, it seems like years ago now doesn’t it). How to play ‘Hit the Norman’

Take an ancestor on Ancestry.com and start heading back along one line, keep going till you can’t go back any further or until you find someone with a suspiciously French sounding name who’s birth place was somewhere in France some time before 1050! Well done you have found one of the Norman conquerors and you get 10 points and a cuddly toy!

Of course now I have a family tree with around 3,000 direct ancestors in it and I have NO IDEA how far back I’ve been able to go, some lines go way back to the 700s and beyond with names like Ethelwulf and Fulke LeStrange. Not names you hear being shouted up the street these days “haw Ethelwulf, come in yer tea’s oot!’ or ‘Fulke! Stop hitting yer wee sister (Grizel)’.

Of course this can all get quite obsessive, addictive even! Hours have been spent frantically adding relatives to the point where I’m seriously worried about how much of the internet I’m going to need for all this! Seriously they might have to give me a quiet bit all to myself where I can’t bother anyone. On the plus side it has made trips out more interesting; a day out to Roslyn castle becomes more interesting when you know you are descended from the St Clair’s who built it and the famous chapel nearby, mind you some places have a bloody cheek charging me to get in when I own the place!

So where do I go next? Clearly this is a task akin to emptying Loch Lomond with a teaspoon (with a hole in it). This could literally go on forever so maybe its time to look at a more defined area, maybe just limit myself to a few generations and see what detailed information I can find on them. This is in a way more interesting than knowing you are the 26th great grandson of King Whatshisname.

Tracing my Mother’s family who came from Wanlockhead in Dumfriesshire I discovered some amazing human stories, families of 13 children many of whom died in infancy, families who ended up in the local poor house and the story of James Robertson. James was born on Wanlockhead in 1803 but died in Inkerman Pennsylvania in 1869. John had immigrated to the USA taking his family with him. All but one that is. Of his 11 children one son John didn’t go, this was because at age 25 John was already dead leaving a wife and 4 children. For some reason his wife Isabella Milligan did not go with the others and stayed behind to suffer severe poverty as a widower in a small lead mining village, nevertheless her spirit survived and through her our family were descended.

So maybe that is the lesson after all. Not to celebrate the kings and queens and landed gentry but to recognise some of the incredible strong women, without whom none of us would be here!

Rodger Moffet (Rodger knows a fair bit about clans but clearly hasn’t much of a clue about genealogy as he readily admits)

The post Hitting the Norman: Tracing Your Roots on Ancestry.com (in a hurry) appeared first on ScotClans | Scottish Clans.

Cromwell at Dunbar

The aftermath of the 1650 Battle of Dunbar saw the grave mistreatment of 5,000 Scottish prisoners-of-war at the hands of the English Parliamentarian army. These battle-weary prisoners were starved of food and sleep, whilst at the same time force-marched over 100 miles to a makeshift prison in hellish conditions. Yet this is one of the least known stories of the civil war that raged across the whole of Britain, probably not surprising as it leaves such a black mark on England’s military history.  ScotClans was contacted by a relative of one of the handful survivors of this terrible event which has led us to research the so named ‘Death March to Durham’.

One of the main outcomes of the Civil War was the execution of King Charles I by the Parliamentarian army for high treason. His exiled son, Charles II, was proclaimed King of Scotland on 5th February 1649 and this stance of support for the Royal Stewart House came as no surprise to the English parliament. However, they were concerned that the Scots may now try to force Charles II onto the throne in England, so Oliver Cromwell, not long back from fighting in Ireland, was sent by the parliament, with his 16,000 strong New Model Army to invade Scotland and head for Edinburgh. Cromwell’s army crossed the border at Berwick in the July of 1650.

Scottish General, David Leslie

David Leslie was the general of the Scottish army in Edinburgh, he believed that it would strategically be better to not be drawn out and therefore forced into engaging the English head on.  Instead he decided to keep his men within the strong fortifications of the capital whilst Cromwell’s men camped outside the walls. Leslie’s army undertook  a scorched-earth approach and destroyed the lands between Edinburgh and England. This meant that the English army could not live off the border crops, and had to rely upon supplies coming from south of the border.  The supplies would arrive by  boats, which gained entry at the port of Dunbar, but these visits became less and less.

Cromwell’s army were suffering not just due to the lack of food but also a massive oversight which left the majority of men without tents.  Only 100 tents were brought which meant only the privileged officers had shelter.  The weather was relentless, soldiers had to brave the elements, attempting to sleep, they were vulnerable and exposed to the Scottish climate. On August 3rd due to these incredibly difficult conditions where his men faced inevitable death Oliver Cromwell made a plea to the Scots suggesting that it is the king who was really the enemy, rather than him and his army.  Cromwell begged: ”I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ, think it possible you may be mistaken.”  His plea fell on deaf ears.

The 1st of September 1650 was a wet and miserable day and Cromwell’s army had withdrawn back east along the coast past Musselburgh and to their supplies base of Dunbar. The English were ill, demoralised, and exhausted with fatigue. One English soldier wrote, that they had been reduced to “a poor, shattered, hungry, discouraged army,”.

Meanwhile the Scottish army were not without their own problems. The Covenanter ministers were causing a lot of trouble. It was the ministers who provided the funds which paid for the army.  This meant the ministers had power over David Leslie’s troops. The plan had been that Leslie’s army were to attack Cromwell’s men on the 1st of September, while the English were practically defenceless, but the Covenanters would not allow them to do this simply because it was a Sunday. Many believe that had Leslie been given permission to launch an offensive on the 1st, then the outcome of the battle would have been a lot different.

The Covenanters had also strongly urged Charles II to condemn his mother’s Catholicism, and attack the counsel that his late father had kept. Charles refused to make any such extreme public statements, and this left the ministers furious. In their frustrated state they purged the Scottish army of more than 3,000 men, dismissing many of Leslie’s most experienced and professional soldiers, including many officers, for crimes such as loose morals, blasphemy, and swearing. This vindictive act left one of the Scottish colonels outraged and he stated that Leslie had been left with an army of “nothing but useless clerks and ministers’ sons, who have never seen a sword, much the less used one.”

David Leslie was under intense pressure from the Church of Scotland to end this situation as quickly as possible because the Covenanters were  also funding the Scottish army. When Leslie saw Cromwell’s army retreat, it was decided that he too would move his army east. He reached Dunbar before Cromwell, and so was able to get his men to the advantageous position on the top of Doon Hill which was to the south-east of the town.

The English were in a very desperate situation. Many of the men were close to death, morale was low and it looked like defeat was imminent. Especially as the Scottish army now had 14,000 men, sitting in the superior position.  History shows a very different outcome, the next 24 hours saw the fate of the doomed English receive the miracle that not only saved their lives but probably dictated the future events that shaped Scotland’s future.

David Leslie wanted to wait with his men positioned on top of the hill, and force Cromwell into the situation where to needed to either attack a stronger army up-hill, or stay put and starve to death.  Unfortunately for Leslie, the rather foolish and overconfident Covenanter ministers were impatient and demanded that Leslie moved his men down Doon Hill, and prepare for battle.  At 4 pm on the 2^nd of September, Leslie repositioned his troops at the foot of Doon Hill. Upon seeing this Cromwell could not believe his luck, and quickly thought of a strategy to turn the tables on the Scots.  Under the cover of darkness Cromwell repositioned a large proportion of his troops to face the Scottish right flank, waiting to attack just before sunrise.  On the 3^rd of September English forces launched a surprise attack on the left, and centre flanks of the Scottish troops. They were held by the greater numbers of the Scots; however the English on the right managed to power their way through the Scottish flank and cause significant damage. Seeing this carnage thousands of the Scottish troops fled the battlefield and the battle was effectively over. The English cavalry chased down the fleeing soldiers over an area of eight miles, killing or capturing most, in what became known sarcastically as the ‘Race of Dunbar’. It was reported, though highly doubtful, that Cromwell’s men suffered as few as 20 deaths, compared to 3,000 Scottish fatalities, not including another 10,000 captured. It is said that seeing the crumble of the Scottish army Oliver Cromwell was in fits of uncontrollable laughter.

Victory for Leslie’s men would have changed the course of British history, with this being the last realistic opportunity for Scotland to take control of its own political and religious destiny. Unfortunately the chance was ruined by, as one writer put it, “a committee of Presbyterian ministers blinkered by religious fanaticism.”  Cromwell went on to capture Edinburgh relatively unopposed, though Edinburgh Castle held out until that December. When the news reached the Rump Parliament in England, they were so overjoyed with the outcome of the battle that a Dunbar medal was issued for both the officers and the men. This was the first ever military medal to be issued in Britain, and was not done again until the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

The Dunbar Medal

With the captured soldiers, Cromwell simply could not cope with 10,000 men, so around half were let go because they were either too ill or too injured from the battle, and he really had no use for them. At dawn on the 4^th of September the 5,000 soldiers considered too dangerous for release were force-marched south to Durham, an eight day, 118 mile journey under the control of Sir Arthur Haselrigge, which was to become known as the ‘Durham Death March’. For the first 28 miles the Scots were forced to walk non-stop throughout the night until they reached Berwick without having had anything to drink or eat. It was common practice for the Scottish army to fast for at least a couple of days before a battle in order to sharpen their reflexes, so for many, by the 5^th of September they had probably not eaten anything since the 1^st, and were starving. Some locals in towns that were passed by the marching prisoners would, at their own risk, pass the Scots bits of bread, the only drink they had was dirty rainwater from puddles at the side of the road. Some tried to escape, but most, if not all, were recaptured by the English and were killed straight away. High numbers of these men were falling very ill with dysentery spreading and many died en route to Durham.  When Haselrigge reached Morpeth in Northumberland he placed the prisoners in a cabbage field where he noted that “they ate up raw cabbages, leaves and roots…They poisoned their bodies. As they were coming from thence to Newcastle, some died by the wayside.”

At Newcastle Haselrigge put the prisoners up for the night in St Nicholas’ Church, the largest that could be found, however more men died, and by the morning a further 500 were not able to walk anymore. The conditions of the journey were so horrendous that by the 11^th of September when the prisoners reached Durham, of the 5,000 who started the march, only 3,000 were still alive, with most dying of illness, starvation or exhaustion.  Sadly for the ones that were still alive things were not about to get any better.

Durham Cathedral, founded in 1093, was used as a makeshift prison for the Scottish soldiers. The conditions were once again awful for the Scottish prisoners. They were deprived of any food, water, fuel or adequate bedding, and were treated in a harsh and inhumane manner. It is said that the jailers at Durham Cathedral blackmailed the prisoners, only giving them food or coal in exchange for whatever valuable possessions that they had. This led to the tombs within the cathedral being opened and desecrated, with the prisoners desperately looking for anything that could be used to trade. In order to keep warm, the Scots completely stripped the cathedral of whatever woodwork they could get their hands on to burn, with the notable exception of Prior Castell’s Clock in the South Transept, which is believed to have survived only because it has a thistle carved into it. The clock is still in Durham Cathedral to this day.

Despite these appalling conditions, Sir Arthur Haselrigge wrote that the prisoners were being fed good meat; the injured and the ill being cared for; and they were treated better than any prisoner has ever been treated in England. It is generally accepted though by historians that Haselrigge, who was in Newcastle at this time and not in Durham, genuinely believed that this was the case.

With next to no food, water, or heat it is said that the Scots were dying at an average of 30-a-day, though with some days the figure was around 100. By the 31^st of October of the 5,000 that had started the “death march” to Durham, over 3,500 died due to the disgusting and unimaginable way that they were treated. For the 1,600 that died in Durham Cathedral none were treated any better by the English in death than they had been in life. All were thrown into a mass grave, buried without coffins, without a Christian service, and without any form of marker to acknowledge their presence. Of those who survived 900 were sold as slaves and sent off to the colonies in the New World, primarily to Virginia, Massachusetts, or Barbados, whilst the remaining 500 were sent off the following spring to fight in the French army.

The clock in Durham Cathedral

The mass grave for the Scottish soldiers was not discovered for nearly 300 years when, in 1946, workmen installing the cathedral with a new heating system came across the bodies.

An ongoing campaign is in place to get Durham Cathedral to acknowledge the presence of the Scottish prisoners as well as the inexcusable treatment and deaths they suffered by putting up a memorial, and giving the grave a proper Christian blessing.

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