The Black Chanter of Clan Chattan

The ancient Clan Chattan possess a wooden chanter (finger pipe of the bagpipes)  known as ‘The Black Chanter’ or ‘Feadan Dubh’.  The chanter is one of the Clan’s most cherished possessions alongside their Green Banner and is kept at Cluny Castle in Badenoch—the Seat of the Chief of Clan Chattan/MacPherson. The prosperity of the House of Cluny is supposed to depend on this chanter.

Cluny Castle – seat of the Chief of Clan Macpherson until the 1930s

The Black Chanter is said to have originally fell from heaven. There are cracks on the pipe believed to be caused from this fall.

Legend says that the Duke of Cumberland had been warned before the battle of Culloden by an old witch, or second seer that if he waited until the Bratach Uaine (Green Flag) and the Feadan Dubh (Black Chanter) came up he would be defeated. Ewen of Cluny was present at the Battle of Prestonpans with six hundred of his Clan, and he accompanied Prince Charlie into England. On the Prince’s retreat into Scotland, Cluny with his men put two regiments of Cumberland’s dragoons to flight at Clifton, fought afterwards at the Battle of Falkirk, and was on his way from Badenoch to Inverness with his Clan to join the Prince when flying fugitives from Culloden met him with the intelligence of that sad day’s disaster.  They had missed the battle.

As Colonel John Roy Stuart (Iain Ruadh Stiubhart) the famous warrior-poet of the ’45 has it in his Oran eile air lutha Chuilodair:
“Clann-Mhuirich nam buadh,
Iad-san uile bhi bhuainn,
Gur h-e m’ iomadan truagh r’a leughadh”

which may be freely translated as
“Clan Vourich of might!
When dire was our plight,
Would you had been there to aid us!”

According to tradition the Black Chanter of Clan Chattan is endowed with magical properties. Towards the end of the combat on the North Inch of Perth, we are told that there was seen an aerial minstrel hovering over the heads of the Macphersons, who after playing a few wild strains on the instrument let it drop from his hand. The Macpherson piper secured this en- chanted pipe, and even though mortally wounded poured forth the pibroch of the Clan till death effectually silenced his music. The Black Chanter was ever after held to ensure success not only to the Macphersons, but also to its temporary possessors, whenever lent to other Clans by the generosity of the Chief of the time. The Grants of Strathspey having received an affront through the cowardice of some unworthy members of that Clan and being dejected beyond measure, borrowed this magical instrument. Its bold war-notes soon roused their drooping energies and stimulated them to such valour that from that time forth it passed into a proverb that “no enemy ever saw the back of a Grant.” The Grants of Glenmoriston afterwards borrowed it in the same way, and it was only restored to “old Cluny” in the early part of the present century.

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Clachnaharry Monument overlooking the Beauly Firth

Perched atop a hill overlooking the Beauly Firth in Inverness, the Clachnaharry Monument commemorates a particularly fierce battle between Clan Munro and Clan Chattan that occurred in 1454. After a day of sunbathing (in April) in the Highlands, I decided to take advantage of the unusually warm evening and take a walk out to the monument.

Clachnaharry is situated about 2 miles from Inverness and was once a bustling fishing village. The village takes its name from the Gaelic Clach na h-Aire (Stone of the Watch), referring to an irregular stone at the top of the hill used as a look out post to spot approaching unfriendly clans from the north. Just past the high street a little path leads through some woods and up a hill to where the monument is located, also providing a spectacular view of the Beauly Firth, the bottom of the Black Isle and Ben Wyvis.

Largely thought to have occurred in 1454, the battle came about when the Munros were returning home to Easter Ross through Chattan territory following a cattle raid in Perthshire. The Munros were led by John Munro Tutor of Foulis who refused to pay the customary tax on their plunder. This safe passage fee, or ‘road collop’ was often paid in the form of a number of cattle. A dispute broke out over the amount and when no agreement could be reached the Chattans gravely insulted the Munros by cutting the tails off of their horses. The Munros left to travel north, having sent their spoils ahead, but the Chattans caught up and ambushed them at Clachnaharry.

In the fight which followed many died including the chief of Clan Chattan. John Munro was left for dead on the battlefield, but was found by an old woman of the Fraser clan who nursed him back to health. Lord Lovat, chief of the Frasers, returned John to Foulis, however his hand was mutilated in the battle. He became known as Iain Bac-lambach (John the Lame-Handed). This act signaled the start of an enduring friendship between the Munro and Fraser clans.

The monument in better days

The monument was built in 1821 by Major Hugh Robert Duff of Muirtown and originally included a figure on top of a 8m column. Unfortunately the figure fell off in a gale in 1934 and the column was blown down during a severe storm in 1954, leaving only the stump that remains today. Each side of the monument reads the two clan names, facing their respective territories. The Latin inscription is thought to read “Between these high, red rocks their bones are collected”. In recent years the monument was refurbished after it was vandalised and overgrown with foliage.

The monument is also conveniently located across the road from the Clachnaharry Inn, which provided the perfect cure (in cool, refreshing pint form) to the sunburn I received earlier in the day. You can click any of the pictures below to enlarge.

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Dr. Elsie Inglis – Surgeon and Suffragette
16 August 1864 – 26 November 1917

Dr Elsie Inglis

Elsie Inglis had the good fortune of having enlightened parents who considered the education of their daughter just as important as that of their sons. Upon the family’s return to Scotland from India, Elsie enrolled at the Edinburgh School of Medicine for Women in 1886 under Dr Sophia Jex-Blake. At the time women were barred from admission to Scottish universities. Upon qualification Inglis was appalled at the general standard of care and lack of specialisation in the needs of female patients. This prompted her to establish a medical practice, followed soon after by a maternity hospital in Edinburgh’s slums and a midwifery resource centre. Inglis often waived fees for patients and would also pay for her patients to recuperate by the seaside.

Inglis was an active suffrage campaigner in Scotland – by 1900 she was speaking at up to four meetings a week throughout Scotland, and in 1909 was made secretary of the Federation of Scottish Suffrage Socieites.

On the outbreak of World War One, Inglis suggested to the war office that women’s medical units be allowed to serve on the Western Front, to which the office famously replied – “My good lady, go home and sit still.” However other allies were desperate for help, with France and Serbia accepting her offer. The first unit left for France in November 1914, and by 1916 units had been stationed in Serbia, Corsica, Salonika, Romania, Russia and Malta. Inglis went with the teams sent to Serbia, where her work was instrumental in restricting the spread of typhus.

During active service in Russia in 1917, Inglis was taken ill with cancer and died a day after returning home. A memorial plaque hangs on the wall of St Gile’s Cathedral in Edinburgh, and from 2009 Elsie’s image appeared on £50 notes issued by the Clydesdale Bank.

Flora MacDonald – Jacobite Heroine
1722 – 1790

Flora MacDonald

Perhaps the most well known of Scottish Heroines, Flora MacDonald’s story has been immortalised in many Jacobite ballads and legends. Bought up under the care of the chief of the MacDonalds of Clanraid, Flora was living on the island of Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides when Prince Charlie sought refuge there following his defeat at Culloden. The island was controlled by the Hanoverian Government, but the MacDonalds were secretly sympathetic to the Jacobite cause.

After some hesitation Flora agreed to help the Prince escape the island by disguising him as the Irish spinning maid, ‘Betty Burke’. She obtained permission for her party to leave the island, and set sail to Skye on 27 June, 1746. Flora and her party hid overnight in a cottage and then traveled over the next few days overland to Portree, at one point narrowly avoiding government soldiers. Charles eventually escaped to France, however Flora was arrested after one of the boatmen had talked about the strange maid who had traveled with them to Skye. She was imprisoned, first in Dunstaffnage Castle, then in the Tower of London, where she was allowed to live nearby “on parole”. Flora was later released under the Indemnity Act of 1747.

Three years later Flora married Allan MacDonald of Kingsburgh, and in 1774 they emigrated to North Carolina. Allan was captured while fighting for the British in the American Revolutionary War. They returned to Skye following Allan’s release in 1779. It is said that Flora was buried in a bed sheet used by Prince Charlie during his stay in Benbecula.

Captain Betsy Miller – Sea Captain and Businesswoman
11 June 1792 – 12 May 1864

Captain Betsy Miller

Captain Elizabeth (Betsy) Miller achieved the distinction of being the first woman to be certified as a ships captain by the Board of Trade. Born in Saltcoats on the Ayrshire Coast, Betsy was employed in the family shipping business as an office assistant. Her brother Hugh was in line to take over the seafaring side of the business, but tragically drowned in a shipping accident. When the increasingly elderly Captain Miller succumbed to an illness that left him bedridden, the business rapidly started running up debts.

Approaching 40, Betsy stepped in to take command of the family’s brig Clytus and 14 man crew, soon gaining a reputation as a fine seawoman capable of handling the brig in the stormiest of conditions. Betsy came to be known as ‘The Queen of Saltcoats’, and was mentioned in the House of Commons during a debate on the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act 1834.

For more than three decades Betsy sailed between Ayrshire and Ireland, also becoming well-known as a shrewd businesswoman. She expanded the cargo of goods shipped by the business to Ireland to include limestone and coal, reinstating the family name and making her fortune. She retired at the age of 70 and died two years later, leaving her younger sister Hannah to continue where she had left off.

Black Agnes Randolph – Countess of Dunbar and March
1312 – 1369
She kept a stir in tower and trench,
That brawling, boisterous Scottish wench,
Came I early, came I late,
I found Agnes at the gate.
- From a ballad attributed to the Earl of Salisbury

Named after her flowing black hair, Black Agnes was married to Patrick Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar and 2nd Earl of March and keeper of Dunbar Castle. Situated near Berwick in South-East Scotland, the castle was considered the key to Scotland and was the scene of many battles during the Scottish Wars of Independence. Edward III was determined to conquer Scotland and sent the Earl of Sailsbury to take Dunbar Castle. With Patrick away on military duties, William considered the castle easy pickings with only Agnes and a handful of men keeping guard.

On 13th January 1338, Sailsbury presented himself and his army in front of the castle, demanding that Agnes surrender. To his suprise she refused and stayed in the castle, stating “Of Scotland’s King I haud my house, He pays me meat and fee, And I will keep my gude and house, While my house will keep me.” Sailsbury ordered his army to fire catapults loaded with lead and rocks at the castle walls. Lady Agnes responded by having her maids dress in their Sunday best; leading them to the outer walls, where with their handkerchiefs they nonchalantly and slightingly dusted away the damage from the bombardment.

Sailsbury’s next attempt at taking the castle was by battering ram. Agnes gave the signal to her men as the ram approached the gate, and they dropped over the castle wall a boulder captured on the earlier assault, smashing the battering ram and dispersing the English troops. Over the coming five months, Sailsbury attempted many methods to force Agnes to leave the castle, including forcing the occupants out by starvation. However, he knew nothing of the secret door, partly underwater, that lay off the unguarded rocky side of the castle. Under cover of darkness, Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie arrived with men and supplies and delivered them through the concealed entrance. Salisbury was none too pleased when a few days later, Agnes sent him down a fresh loaf of bread and some fine wine. On 10 June 1338, Sailsbury was ordered to withdraw from Dunbar, leaving Agnes in sole possession of the castle.

Anne Farquharson, Lady MacKintosh – The Beautiful Rebel
1723 – 1787

Anne Farquharson, Lady Mackintosh

Lady Anne was a Jacobite of Clan Farquharson and wife of Angus, chief of Clan MacKintosh. Despite her husband fighting for the Government during the ’45 Rising, Anne raised around 300 men from Clan MacKintosh and Clan Chattan to fight for Bonnie Prince Charlie. As women could not command in the field, the command of the regiment was given to MacGillivray of Dunmaglass. The regiment joined the Prince at Bannockburn in January 1746, twelve days before the Battle of Falkirk.

One month later, the Prince was staying at Moy Hall, Lady Anne’s home when Anne received a message from her mother-in-law that Lord Loudon’s men (including her husband’s company) were planning a night raid to steal the Prince. Anne sent five of her staff out with guns to crash about and shout clan battle cries to trick the government forces into thinking they were about to face the Jacobite army. The ploy worked and the government army fled. The event became known as ‘The Rout of Moy’.

The next month her husband and 300 of Loudon’s men were captured north of Inverness. The Prince paroled Captain MacKintosh into the custody of his wife, Lady Anne, commenting “he could not be in better security, or more honourably treated.” She famously greeted him with the words, “Your servant, captain” to which he replied, “your servant, colonel” thereby giving her the nickname “Colonel Anne”. She was also called La Belle Rebelle (the beautiful rebel) by the Prince.

After the Battle of Culloden, Lady Anne was arrested and turned over to the care of her mother-in-law for a time. She later met the Duke of Cumberland at a social event in London with her husband. He asked her to dance to a pro-Government tune and she returned the favour by asking him to dance to a Jacobite tune.

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The Last Wolf?

One of the visitors to our site has told us about a MacQueen legend. She found it on a microfiche taken from a book published in the about Clan MacQueen, which is now sadly out of print. There were a couple of Clan MacQueen legends in this book. One was a love story where a MacQueen ran off with a lass from a clan that was promised to a lad of another clan.

The other was about a wolf that had been ravaging in Clan Chattan area and finally killed a young MacKintosh lass. The Chief of Clan Chattan called the clan levies out to search. First the levies were to report for a gathering then a search strategy would be made. The MacQueen was on route to the gathering coming through a gap in the mountains, when he came upon a wolf. There the wolf attacked him, he was forced to kill the wolf or be killed himself. He severed the head and took it with him to the gathering. He was many hours late when he finally entered the gathering due to his encounter with the wolf. The gathered clan levies jeered him and the Clan Chattan Chief admonished the MacQueen. The MacQueen said not one word, reached into his ruck and pulled out the wolf’s head in a flourish and tossed it at the chielf’s feet. The MacQueen turned and walked away and returned to his home.

As it happens, the book noted that this was the last recorded killing of a wolf on the Island of Alba and the MacQueen is supposedly credited with his kill. Pretty sad as the wolf’s head is on the coat of arms for the MacQueen’s.

The version I have read tells of hunter named MacQueen, of Pall-a-chrocain, on the river Findhorn, in 1743. MacQueen was a giant of a man, and renowned as a deer hunter. He died in 1797,

The land had become the hunting ground for a great black beast. The beast had already killed two children, and it was the Laird of MacIntosh who summond a meeting to discuss what was to be done. The men arrived at the meeting except MacQueen. Eventually he arrived.

“What kept you?” asked MacIntosh sarcastically.

“I brought him for you”, replied MacQueen, tossing out the severed head of the last wolf from under his plaid.

Has anyone else heard this legend?

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